Table 9 Qualitative findings on participants’ understanding and perceptions of plagiarism

Confusion and Anxiety Around Plagiarism

Complexity of plagiarism rules

“This is a very complex and difficult question; sometimes I’m not even sure if something counts as plagiarism.” (Participant no. 135)

Anxiety over penalties

“Due to the strict punishments, I have fears of plagiarism accusations even if I haven’t plagiarized. I think the penalties are too severe, which makes me terrified while writing my submission, fearing I might be accused.” (Participant no. 372)

Fear of unintentional plagiarism

“I find it somewhat intangible and frightening because it’s possible that someone came up with the same idea that someone else has already written down.” (Participant no. 83)

Need for improved education and awareness

Need for increased awareness

“The consequences and seriousness of this should be more widely promoted.” (Participant no. 326)

Need for education on avoiding plagiarism

“I think many people don’t realize they’ve plagiarized and don’t know how to process material in a way that isn’t considered plagiarism.” (Participant no. 118)